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The World: How Will it End?

February 13, 2020 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Luke Langlois

I know my posts recently have been pretty negative. First, a review of our decade (we can’t get anything done), then, a showcasing of diseases that will kill, and now, you will learn some of the different ways our world could, well, stop turning! 99% of all species that have existed have gone extinct. Eventually, it’ll be our turn (unless we colonize Jupiter). The following are ways the world may end:

  1. Asteroid Impact: Due to Earth’s gravity, an object in freefall accelerates at a rate of 9.8 meters per second squared. It can be painful to jump out of your bed too quickly, and, if you fall from a height of about 3 meters, you could risk fracturing a bone. Imagine a massive cosmic rock smashing into our planet. The impact and aftereffects could be tremendous enough to end civilization as we know it. . . Shoutout to the dinosaurs.
  2. Black Hole: If a rogue black hole somehow stumbled close to Earth, we would have a bad time. A black hole’s gravity is so powerful that light itself is unable to escape from its grasp (thus the modifier “black”). If Earth even felt a smidgen of that gravity, it could lose its controlled orbit, which would cause extreme climate shifts. Or, Earth could get flung from our solar system and meet an ice-cold death in deep space.   
  3. Climate Change: We would prefer that the oceans do not engulf California, thank you. 
  4. Global Epidemic: Just one itty bitty viral DNA/RNA mutation could indeed spell the end of human civilization as we know it. Prominent outbreaks like the black plague and the Spanish flu have already wiped out tens of millions of us, so if a disease took it just one step further, who knows what could happen?
  5. A Reversal of Earth’s Magnetic Field: Earth has a magnetic field. That would be the reason why compasses work. Surprisingly, there were compasses before the compass app on the iPhone. Anyway, every few hundred thousand years, the Earth’s magnetic field shrinks until it is almost nothing, and it remains that way for a century or so. Then, it FLIPS! The last time this happened was around 780,000 years ago. It may be about that time! Without the magnetic field, we would be more susceptible to cosmic particle strikes on our atmosphere. That is not good news, especially considering the fact that we already are wounding our atmosphere.
  6. Global Warfare: Usually, it is my opinion that the Doomsday “seconds to midnight” Clock does nothing but stir up unnecessary fear. For the purposes of this post, however, let us embrace that fear. We are 100 seconds (closer than ever) to DOOMSDAY! That largely has to do with the fact that we have tens of thousands of nuclear weapons on our planet, more than enough to wipe each other out ten times over (figure not exact). Dear fellow youth, let’s not do that. 
  7. Technological Terror:  As the former governor of California once said, “I’ll be back.” While we certainly are more creative and innovative than our technological counterparts, there is no doubt that computers can store and process information much more effectively than our brains. If we are not careful with our developments and let artificial intelligence learn without boundaries, we may find ourselves up against an unstoppable force. Perhaps there will be no killer robots involved, but our exponentially increasing reliance on our devices may lead us to inevitable doom. I’m watching you, Chromebook. 
  8. Overpopulation: Thomas Malthus warned us about this! According to the United Nations, in the year 2050 the population will be about 9.7 billion. In 2100, it could rise to about 11 billion. This is kind of a given, but that is a LOT of people. We may figure out how to deal with it, but we also may not. This massive population would contribute to our overzealous resource consumption and our continued destruction of the environment.
  9. Supervolcano: If you’ve ever watched a science fiction movie detailing the end of the world, there’s a 50% chance it included a supervolcano. The fear with a supervolcano is similar to that of an asteroid strike. If the volcano is powerful enough, its emitted particles and ash could effectively block out the sun and shatter the ecosystem by freezing us out. 
  10. The Sun Explodes: Once the sun has consumed all of its core hydrogen fuel, it will die out just like any other star. We will be consumed by its supernova and, if anything survives, it will freeze over. This one is actually inevitable, but we have a couple of billion years before it will happen. I’m not making any assumptions on your lifespan, so please do not be offended, but you will probably be dead when the sun explodes. 

Sometimes, life is just out of your control. Life is especially out of your control if a country-sized asteroid lands in your backyard. Thanks for reading.

Sources:

https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2019.html
https://phys.org/news/2014-01-sun.html
https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/20-ways-the-world-could-end
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/earth-magnetic-field-flip-poles-spinning-magnet-alanna-mitchell/

Humanity Editor: Doreen Yuan

Filed Under: Humanity Tagged With: Luke Langlois, The World: How Will it End?

Hypochondriacs BEWARE!

January 27, 2020 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Luke Langlois

If you live in constant fear of germs, diseases, amoeba, bacteria, viruses, or various disorders that can transform your internal organs into abstract artwork, this post may not be for you. We are extraordinarily lucky to have an immune system that can effectively ward off the literal gazillions of microscopic villains floating around the rock we call home. Furthermore, the researchers that have developed vaccines and other treatments galore have saved countless lives. But, there are some ailments that (for now) have quite simply stumped the human body. Here are a few of the diseases that have a greater than 99% case fatality rate (CFR), meaning that >99% of people diagnosed with a disease ultimately pass away during the disease. 

  1. ~99% Case Fatality Rate – Balamuthia mandrillaris: First discovered in the brain of a mandrill in the San Diego Wild Animal Park (frighteningly close), the Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that causes the lethal neurological condition known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. This infection causes necrosis (the injury and subsequent early death) in nervous system cells. While the disease can be difficult to diagnose due to its rare nature, symptoms include severe headaches, nausea, dizziness, irritability, and fever. As the disease progresses, seizures, loss of nerve function, and complete personality changes are common. Existing treatments are often experimental. The only two survivors of this disease suffer from permanent brain damage. In most instances of this disease, the victim had some sort of immunodeficiency.  
  2. ~99% Case Fatality Rate – Naegleria fowleri: Typically found in natural (or poorly chlorinated) warm freshwater bodies, Naegleria fowleri is a eukaryote straight from your nightmares. Naegleria fowleri is colloquially known as the “brain-eating amoeba” because it travels up your nose and into your brain (by attaching itself to the olfactory nerve). There, it will travel through your brain as it pleases to feed on nerve tissue and rapidly reproduce. The overall condition is known as naegleriasis, or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Given its rarity, it is a difficult disease to diagnose, but symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, confusion, hallucination, ataxia (lack of voluntary muscle control), and seizures. Out of 450 documented naegleriasis cases, only seven people have survived. In general, it is a good idea to avoid submerging your head in untreated freshwater bodies. Also, chlorinate your pool!  
  3. 100% Case Fatality Rate – Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): This disorder is not a result of a microscopic horror. Rather, FOP is an incredibly rare genetic disorder of the body’s connective tissue. A mutation in the connective tissue’s repair and creation mechanism causes a body’s fibrous tissue to ossify, or turn into bone. Minor injuries can, for example, cause joints to become permanently frozen in place as bone comes into place of muscle tissue. Victims of this disorder are ultimately frozen as the “secondary skeleton” that forms becomes progressively restrictive. There is no cure or approved treatment for FOP, but research is underway. Affected people can live to be 40 years old if properly managed. As it is a genetic disorder, FOP is not contagious, but children of an FOP patient have a 50% chance of manifesting the disorder. 
  4. 100% Case Fatality Rate – Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: Rather than being one disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a group of 100% fatal diseases associated with prions, the most common being Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prions are misfolded (thus ineffective) proteins in the brain that have the ability to project this shape onto other proteins in the brain, causing an exponentially growing infection. Unlike viruses or bacteria, prions are virtually indestructible. Symptoms include dementia, personality changes, hallucinations, psychosis, and myoclonus (abrupt or jerky muscle movements). Variants of prion diseases can be genetic, but the primary disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, is contagious if one were to come in contact with an infected brain. Transmission is not yet understood completely, but know that prion diseases are extraordinarily rare, and universally fatal. 

In conclusion, we are fragile mortals. Appreciate your life! 

Sources:

https://www.cdc.gov/prions/index.html
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fibrodysplasia-ossificans-progressiva
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/balamuthia/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria/index.html

Health and Disease Editor: James Zheng

Filed Under: Health and Disease Tagged With: Hypochondriacs BEWARE!, Luke Langlois

A Decade in Review

January 24, 2020 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Luke Langlois

In this era of a 24-hour news cycle, we have a constant amount of information being pushed at us from everywhere we look. Whether it’s our phones, TVs, radios, computers, etc., we are always moving on to the next big story and forgetting about what we read two days ago. As such, I thought I would compile some of the most gripping stories of the decade to remind us of what we may have forgotten over the past years. Please note that this compilation is not all-encompassing. 

  • January 12th, 2010: The island nation of Haiti was struck by a 7.0-magnitude earthquake, ravaging the nation and inspiring a global support effort. 
  • January 2010: Steve Jobs unveils the first Apple iPad. Now, Apple devices are pretty much commonplace in the United States. In 2011, Jobs passed away from neuroendocrine cancer.
Image result for steve jobs ipad
  • April 20th, 2010: The largest marine oil spill in history occurs as the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. On the sixth anniversary of the explosion, a movie adaptation was released, creatively named Deepwater Horizon. 
  • June 27nd, 2010: The FBI arrested ten Russian spies who were caught living undercover in the United States. 
  • October 13th, 2010: Thirty-three miners are rescued after spending nearly seventy days trapped in a Chilean copper mine. In 2015, a movie adaptation of this event was released named The 33. 
  • February 11th, 2011: The Egyptian President who had held the position for three decades, Hosni Mubarak resigned due to increasing pressure from revolutionaries.
  • March 2011: The Syrian Civil War erupted after a group of military defectors formed the Free Syrian Army to combat President Bashar al-Assad. 
  • March 11th, 2011: An earthquake in Japan caused a massive tsunami, damaging generators at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. This plant went into nuclear meltdown, prompting the evacuation of about 50,000 residents.
  • May 1st, 2011: President Barack Obama addresses the nation to announce a successful Navy SEAL raid on a compound in Pakistan, the location of Osama Bin Laden.
Image result for obama announces bin laden
  • October 20th, 2011: Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan leader of forty-two years, is captured and killed by revolutionaries. 
  • September 11th, 2012: Four United States citizens are killed, including U.S Ambassador Christopher Stevens, after a mob storms the U.S facility in Benghazi, Libya. 
  • October 22nd, 2012: Lance Armstrong is accused of conducting an elaborate doping scheme, prompting his immediate ban from cycling competitions for life. 
  • November 6th, 2012: Speaking of “doping,” Colorado and Washington become the first states who vote to legalize recreational marijuana. 
  • February 28th, 2013: Eccentric millionaire and former NBA star Dennis Rodman travels to North Korea to meet Kim Jong Un, who assumed office in 2011, becoming the first American to do so. 
Image result for dennis rodman and kim jong un
  • March 13th, 2013: Jorge Mario Bergoglio becomes the first South American to lead the Roman Catholic Church as Pope. He assumes the name Pope Francis. 
  • April 15th, 2013: Modified pressure cookers explode at the finish line of the Boston Marathon, injuring more than 250 people and killing three.
  • June 6th, 2013: Government contractor Edward Snowden leaks highly classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA). Snowden fled the country and was given political asylum in Russia. 
  • December 5th, 2013: Apartheid-shattering Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first black president, dies at the age of 95. 
  • March 2014: Russia invades Ukraine and annexes Crimea following the removal of pro-Russian president, Victor Yanukovych, by revolutionaries. 
  • March 8th, 2014: Airline Flight 370 of Malaysia mysteriously disappears on a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 crew members and passengers on board. 
  • March 23rd, 2014: The World Health Organization (WHO) announces that Ebola has had its largest outbreak in history in the nation of Guinea. 
  • April 2014: The city of Flint shifts to the Flint River as its primary source of water in an effort to save money, leading to the Flint water crisis.
  • August 11th, 2014: Globally-renowned comic actor Robin Williams was found dead at his home in California at the age of 63.
  • November 24th, 2014: Sony Pictures Entertainment is hacked by North Korea and has embarrassing company information breached. According to Sony, the hackers intended to push Sony into canceling their movie The Interview in which North Korean leader, Kim Jong Un, is assassinated.
  • May 2015: An outbreak of the Zika virus spreads in Brazil, eventually moving up into Central America and the Caribbean. The virus was infamous for causing the microcephaly birth defect. 
  • June 6th, 2015: Joyce Mitchell of the Clinton Correctional Facility helps two convicted murderers escape from prison. Both inmates were found shortly thereafter, with one dying in a police shootout.
  • June 16th, 2015: Donald J. Trump, New York City real estate mogul and reality star, announces his plan to run for President of the United States with a speech at Trump Tower.
  • June 26th, 2015: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that gay marriage is legal, legalizing same-sex union nationwide. 
Image result for gay marriage legalized
  • July 20th, 2015: The United States and Cuba restore diplomatic ties decades after Fidel Castro’s 1959 revolution with a new embassy in Havana.
  • December 15th, 2015: Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Disney’s first film from their newly purchased franchise releases and earns more than two billion dollars at the box office. 
  • April 21st, 2016: Music legend, Prince, is found dead in an elevator of his Minnesota estate due to an overdose in the fentanyl opioid. 
  • June 24th, 2016: The United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union (E.U.).  
  • August 5th-22nd, 2016: After controversies over facility quality and possible sanitation issues, the 2016 Summer Olympics are held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Image result for 2016 rio olympics
  • August 26th, 2016: San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick sits on the bench during the national anthem. 
  • November 3rd, 2016: The Chicago Cubs break the “Billy Goat Curse” and win their first World Series in 108 years. 
  • November 8th, 2016: Donald Trump defeats Hillary Clinton in a landmark presidential upset. 
  • January 20th, 2017: Donald Trump is sworn in as the 45th President of the United States
Image result for trump inauguration as president
  • January 21st, 2017: Hundreds upon thousands of people in Washington D.C and cities around the world take part in the Women’s March to protest President Trump’s election.
  • July-October 2017: The “#MeToo” movement gains traction as allegations of sexual misconduct emerge against prominent figures in Hollywood.
  • October 1st, 2017: Fifty-eight people were killed and over 850 injured after a gunman opens fire on a Las Vegas music festival from the Mandalay Bay casino. 
  • October 12th, 2017: President Trump announces that the Pakistani military rescued Canadian-American couple Joshua Boyle and Caitlan Coleman, as well as their children, from the Haqqani network (an Afghan insurgent group), about five years after their capture.
  • November 15th, 2017: The San Juan, an Argentine navy submarine, sinks to the bottom of the ocean with forty-four crew members due to an explosion inside the vessel. 
  • January 14th, 2018: A teenage girl escapes from her Southern California home, revealing the abuse of her parents to her and her twelve siblings. Both parents were sentenced to life in prison. 
  • February 9th-25th, 2018: The Winter Olympics are held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, in which North and South Korea march under a united flag and compete as one nation. 
  • March 24th, 2018: Hundreds of thousands of Americans take part in the “March For Our Lives” in Washington D.C. as a response to the Parkland, Florida, shooting.
  • April 13th, 2018: As the Syrian Civil War rages on, the United States, Britain, and France conduct airstrikes against Syria in response to President Bashar al-Assad’s use of chemical weapons against citizens. 
  • June 24th, 2018: Saudia Arabia lifts a law that prohibits women from driving.
  • July 10th, 2018, Twelve Thai soccer players and their coach are rescued from a flooded cavern after two weeks of being trapped.
  • September 27th, 2018: More than 20 million people tune in to watch the confirmation of Supreme Court Justice nominee Brett Kavanaugh. 
  • October 2nd, 2018: Washington Post journalist, Jamal Khashoggi, is murdered inside the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul. 
  • March 2019: The Boeing 737 Max aircrafts are banned from airspaces around the world after two crashes in 5 months kill 346 people.
  • March 12th, 2019: Federal prosecutors in Boston charge at least fifty people in “Operation Varsity Blues,” accusing many wealthy parents of using bribes to get their children into college. 
Image result for operation varsity blues
  • July 7th, 2019: The women’s national soccer team of the United States wins the World Cup for the fourth time in a row.
  • August 10th, 2019: Jeffrey Epstein, sex-offender, is found dead in his Manhattan jail cell where he was awaiting trial over his sex-trafficking charges.
  • October 31st, 2019: The House formalizes its impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump’s communications with Ukraine.
  • December 18th, 2019: In a partisan 229-198 vote, President Donald Trump becomes the third president in United States history to be impeached. 

End-of-Year Editor: Katelin Mei

Filed Under: Year end/New Beginnings Tagged With: A Decade in Review, Luke Langlois

Blinded by The Light(‘s Immediate Benefits)

January 8, 2020 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Luke Langlois

When the teacher turns the lights on or raises the curtains, every student seems to groan as if the world is on the brink of nuclear extinction. “NO, NOT THE LIGHTS!” This has always bugged me. Why are you opposed to light? What has darkness ever done for you? Do you have night vision? No. You do not have night vision. I have definitively concluded that people only resent the light because it’s the cool teenage thing to do (the pain of adjusting eyes may have something to do with it as well). Anyway, being a mysterious creature of the dark does sound pretty great, but most of us aren’t actually creatures of the night. On the contrary, we’re built for sunlight, as long as you aren’t excessively tanning. PSA; wear sunscreen. Here’s a couple of the reasons why sunlight is GREAT for us. 

  • The sun is our primary provider of vitamin D. Your body actually cannot produce vitamin D on its own without a supplemental supporter. What a design flaw! You can drink as much SunnyD as you want, but that will never replace the free source of healthcare in the sky: the SUN. When people give you funny looks for praising the glory of the sun, you should be able to justify it. As sunlight hits your skin, your body is signaled to start producing vitamin D. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the body. It also assists bone growth by repairing and remodeling osteoblasts and osteoclasts, cells that are instrumental in the synthesis of bone matter. Vitamin D can also assist in immune system regulation and body weight maintenance. 
  • Sometimes, people get S.A.D.: seasonal affective disorder. This is a mood disorder that tends to occur at the same time every year, usually during the doom and gloom that coats the landscape in late autumn and winter. As it turns out, research has found a possible solution for that. Yes; it’s the sun. In general, light, especially natural light, improves our mood. If you’re feeling blue, join the light crew!
  • We are so reliant on rhythm and consistency every day without even realizing it. If you misplaced your keys or forgot your water bottle somewhere, your entire DAY is RUINED because your schedule is all messed up. Just like our minds have schedules, our bodies have schedules. The specific term in psychology for our body’s schedule is the “circadian rhythm.” Although much of this rhythm is internally regulated, light gives us cues so our bodies know what to do and WHEN. Consistent light stabilizes our internal rhythms. If it’s dark, you’re *supposed* to be closing in on bedtime.

Hmm, if only there was a giant ball in the sky that provided us with essential vitamins, a regulated day, and free light. Oh, wait; there is! Please, appreciate the sun while we have it. In four to five billion years when it explodes, you’ll really miss it as our planet freezes over. 

Image result for teletubbies sun

Light Editor: Renée Vazquez

Filed Under: Light Tagged With: Blinded by The Light(‘s Immediate Benefits), Luke Langlois

The World IS AWFUL! Or is it?

December 19, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Luke Langlois

I don’t know what it is, but it is super easy for us humans (sorry extraterrestrials) to be pessimists. Every day, we have to go to school or work and do some exhausting task that just repeats the next day, and the next day, and the next day. . . . If you pair this with the negativity of the media, who are always in our faces due to our devices, you have created a world of pessimists who are only able to see the ills and plights of the world. The media makes it seem like our world is a cesspool of murder, political instability, natural disasters, disease, and misinformation. While it is certainly true that these things exist, our world is getting far better in reality. Here’s why:

  • In the past twenty years, the portion of people living in extreme poverty has been almost halved, and the number of people in poverty is dropping every day. Two-hundred years ago, about 85% of the world lived in what is now classified as extreme poverty. Twenty years ago, that number had dropped to 20%. Now, only 9% of people live in poverty. That isn’t to say that our effort to end poverty is done, but we’ve made incredible strides towards reaching that goal. In 1997, 42% of the Chinese and Indian population was living in extreme poverty. In 2017, that number fell to 12% in India and less than 1% in China. Numbers don’t lie!
Global trends in poverty
  • In 1800, no country had a life expectancy above the age of forty. Now, the global life expectancy is about seventy-one years old, with countries like Spain having an average lifespan of eighty-six years. The founders of the United States are slacking on their promise of life. How the heck is Spain beating out the U.S by an average of thirteen years? Maybe it’s the donuts. We can attribute this increase in life expectancy to our rapidly growing understanding of human health. The 1800s saw more than 40% of children die before the age of five. Modern medicine, dietary improvements, and increased sanitary efforts have made it so childhood deaths are an anomaly. Furthermore, we are discovering biological nuances every single day that help us move away from previously unknown health hazards present in our daily life. Look at the rapid discovery of dangers in vaping, for example. 
  • Thebirdonfire.org is incredibly grateful that the world is working on this one–Over the last two centuries, literacy has gone from one of the many luxuries of being rich to a nearly essential element of the human condition. Throughout the 1800s, only about 20% of the global population was literate. Today, that number has risen to about 80%. Again, while we still have a ways to go, there is no doubt that we have come a long way. Always be grateful for your ability to read, and, on a broader scale, your education. 
Global trends in literacy
  • We can fly. Past civilizations gazed towards the sky wondering what is beyond the stars. They never dreamed that we would eventually find a way to be shoulder to shoulder with the crows, but we did. Thanks to an untold number of engineers, physicists, chemists, pilots, and citizens yearning for quick travel, we have “mastered” the safe art of flight. We fly above the clouds with only a .000025% chance of being injured. On the same tangent, we have a globally-maintained space station that constantly orbits our planet. That is amazing. See you on Mars! 
Image result for space station

I could go on for just about forever. This small list does not include the way we’ve developed our technology for everyday use or the fact that about 83% of people graduate from high school today compared to about 9% in 1910, etc. Our work for humanity and Earth is not done. Truly, we’re far from it (thanks, plastic straws), but we all should love our world, what we’ve accomplished and what we will continue to accomplish. 

Sources

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/08/good-news-the-world-is-getting-better-bad-news-you-were-wrong-about-how-things-have-changed/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2017/11/30/why-the-world-is-getting-better-why-hardly-anyone-knows-it/#4c89d40a7826
https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2018/04/50-ways-the-world-is-getting-better/
https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-is-getting-quietly-relentlessly-better-11546430400
https://ourworldindata.org/

LOVE Editor: Quintus Ni

Filed Under: Love Tagged With: Luke Langlois, The World IS AWFUL! Or is it?

The Fourteen-Billion Dollar Lamp

December 18, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Luke Langlois, on the subject of “animation”

Who doesn’t love the feeling of picking up a rock by the side of water, chucking it into the water, and watching the water break out into magnificent ripples? It’s intriguing how the effects of that seemingly inconsequential action reverberate far beyond the initial drop point. METAPHOR!! In 1986, John Lasseter animated a two-minute short about lamps, Luxo Jr., and it became the rock that would go on to create ripples in the entire film industry.

Luxo and Luxo Jr. find themselves in a dimly lit room with nothing but a desk to rest on, two power outlets, and a yellow ball topped with a star. Luxo Jr., being the curious lamp he is, plays with it, hops over it, jumps around it, and rolls it under the watch of his somewhat disappointed parental lamp. Finally, Luxo Jr. hops on the ball with the now-iconic spring noise that marks the beginning of every Pixar movie. 

In 1984, The Graphics Group (a branch of Lucasfilm at the time), began to toy with computer-generated graphics and animations. The company released one of the first completely computer-generated shorts with The Adventures of Andre and Wally B. It was groundbreaking, but George Lucas and Lucasfilm did not have the funds to develop the technology from this short, so the technology was DOOMED! That is, of course, until a small company investor, Steve Jobs, bought the technology from Lucas and invested five million dollars into the newly renamed Pixar Animation Studios. As a bit of a side note, isn’t it a bit ironic that, with the assistance of Pixar, Disney purchased Lucasfilm? As Master Yoda said in Star Wars: The Last Jedi, “We are what they grow beyond. That is the true burden of all masters.” 

The studio had not released a film during its last year under Lucas and was determined to bring their flair back to SIGGRAPH, an annual conference on computer graphics where their first short was released. John Lasseter and his team were ready to work around the clock and give emotions to the Luxo lamps. Working around the clock, Pixar met the SIGGRAPH deadline and presented their film which was instantly recognized as a breakthrough. Pixar had succeeded in both creating a technical masterpiece and bestowing the Luxo lamps with life. Nine years later, building off of the well-received technology used in Luxo Jr., Pixar, led by executive producer Jobs, released the first COMPLETELY computer-animated feature-length film: Toy Story. Although the animation is a bit dated now (all of Andy’s friends use Andy’s base face and model), the rest is history. 

Now, Luxo Jr. serves as the mascot for every Pixar film and, under the direction of that little lamp, Pixar’s movies have grossed fourteen billion dollars (not to mention the animated studios that have sprouted using Pixar’s technology), and that number will certainly grow as Pixar continues to reimagine the animated film landscape. In fact, Luxo Jr. was so transformative to the animation industry that the United States Library of Congress deemed it culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant. The next time you walk by your lamp at home, pay it respect for providing you and the world with an ocean of animated entertainment.

Luxo Jr. in action.

Sources

https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-14-210/
http://www.harrymccracken.com/luxo.htm
https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2019/06/24/with-toy-story-4-out-every-pixar-movie-box-office-opening-ranked-worst-to-best/#134b34c2242e

The Pixar Story (2007 Documentary)

Animation Editor: Chelsea

Filed Under: Animation Tagged With: Luke Langlois, The Fourteen-Billion Dollar Lamp

Luke’s Guide to Becoming The Nightmare. . . of Monopoly

December 12, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Luke Langlois

Dreams are (usually) pleasant experiences. As long as you get enough sleep, you will eventually float away into a new reality where life has a tinge of ethereal magic. One of my dreams has always been to become a world-renowned Monopoly champion, and the key to being a champion, of course, is CRUSHING YOUR OPPONENTS. Some people may think Monopoly is just luck, but only non-Monopoly champions subscribe to this philosophy. Have you ever heard someone win a Monopoly game and then attribute it to luck? I bet you haven’t because winning Monopoly is a display of the purest form of skill. Here is a brief guide on becoming a self-proclaimed “Nightmare of Monopoly.”

  • The House does not always win. In Monopoly, you should never choose to become the banker. When scheming masterminds are formulating their ultimate plan, do you think they are busy worrying about someone else’s business? Playing the role of the banker distracts a player from their craft and may result in a loss of focus. The temptation may be there to refute my tip by saying you can “steal” money from the bank, but world champions do not cheat (looking at you, Astros). 
  • Buy EVERY property you land on. In real life, most people would tell you that it is wise to save money and manage finances intelligently. In essence, you wouldn’t want to spend all of your money on the first thing that comes to mind. However, in Monopoly, owning more properties always has some sort of benefit. Even if you’re not trying to make a monopoly with a certain property color, owning even one property of a color can restrict your opponents from achieving a monopoly of their own, which could make it a useful trading piece down the line. Remember, you can always collect the mortgage on your owned properties if you are running low on dough. 
  • Don’t put too much weight into the utilities, but don’t overlook them either. The Electric Company and Water Works are not going to earn you much money, nor can you create a monopoly with them, but other people don’t know that. Again, buy these properties and use them to your advantage for a trade down the line if someone puts more value in a utility property than they should.
  • How was the west won? Railroads. While the utility properties aren’t great, the railroad properties can be game-changing. If one person owns all four railroads, landing on any of the four railroads will yield the owner $200. Any competent Monopoly player is not going to let you control all four properties, so the best that you can do is make sure that you own at least one to block someone from owning all four. If it comes down to it, you may even consider trading someone the “fourth” railroad for a hefty price. 
  • The orange properties are statistically the best properties that you can own. I’m not going to dive into the numbers, but the “chance” cards often put you one roll away from an orange property, so players often find themselves paying up to the king of the oranges. Also, the orange properties are a $1,500 investment for a max rent of $1,000, while the green properties are a $3,000 investment for a max rent of $1,200. 
  • Houses, houses, houses! Have you looked at the prices of San Francisco housing recently? When you establish a monopoly, you want to get the third house down as soon as possible (because the rent increases greatly from the second to the third house). Houses are going to inflict serious pain on your opponents, but don’t buy hotels! Hotels are a hefty investment for a relatively inconsequential increase in rent. Additionally, it is an official Monopoly rule that if the bag runs out of physical houses for players to place on the board, NO MORE houses can be built.
  • Later in the game, when most properties are owned and maybe even have houses on them, don’t rush to get out of jail. Jail is a cozy place where you can spend three turns NOT giving money to your opponents. While you’re in jail, your opponents will be jumping around the map and bleeding money.  
  • You have to be kind. Look, I love bullying my younger sibling as much as the next guy, but the odds are against you if nobody wants to work or trade with you. If you laugh in someone’s face when they land on your property, they will do everything they can to make sure you don’t win, even if they have no chance of winning the game themselves. Eventually, with your newly found Monopoly genius, people are not going to want to play with you anyways.  

I hope that this has been a supremely educational experience for you all. Now, I wish for you to all go off into the world and ruin family gatherings with your Monopoly skill. Remember, the United States of America is a nation of capitalists, and capitalists are born from Monopoly. So, whether you become a worldwide Monopoly champion, or the next CEO of Apple, learning the intricacies is the best place to begin. 

Dreamer Editor: Doreen Yuan

Filed Under: Dreams Tagged With: Luke Langlois, Luke’s Guide to Becoming The Nightmare. . . of Monopoly

Scoring Big

November 22, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Luke Langlois

Not to make a sweeping generalization or anything, but movies, although a somewhat new invention in the grand scheme of human history, have become one of the greatest sources of our everyday entertainment. Think of your favorite movie scene or a scene that has emotionally moved you in some way or another. Is it Yoda’s death in Return of the Jedi? Is it that moment in Avengers: Endgame where those lost from the snap triumphantly returned. Perhaps it’s the scene in Forrest Gump where Forrest just runs. No matter what movie scene is most near to your heart, there’s one element that you maybe haven’t considered: the movie score. 

I always wonder how come our everyday life isn’t nearly as epic as life in the movies. How come there wasn’t that pizazz when I took the FIRST BITE of my ENGLISH MUFFIN this morning? The answer is simple: there was no John Williams movie score attached to it. Again, if you think about your favorite scenes from your beloved movies, I bet you overlook the soundtrack (unless you’ve already had this epiphany). But, movies are NOTHING without their score. Today, in honor of our theme, I’d like to recognize some of the most underappreciated artists in the cinematic industry. They are the true breath of life in a movie. 

  • John Williams – As Ms. Zachik said to me when I told her about this post concept, “You have to mention John Williams; it seems like he’s composed everything!” He has. John Williams is the greatest movie composer of all time, and there is no question about it. In his over half-a-century long career, Williams has composed the scores for over one-hundred movies. Beyond movies, however, he has also composed the fanfare for NBC’s Sunday Night Football and the Olympics! Some of his compositions include the scores from the Indiana Jones franchise, the Star Wars franchise, the Jurassic Park franchise, the first three movies of the Harry Potter series, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Saving Private Ryan. When I learned that he’s done all of these movies, I was SHOCKED! How do you just casually score a smash hit movie and then move on to another one, and another one, and then one more? I don’t like to use the “literally” expression often, but Williams has literally done everything. 
  • Michael Giacchino – So many people gush over the scene in Disney Pixar’s Up where the newly married Carl and Ellie progress through life together, slowly growing old until eventually Ellie passes away. Not to devalue the writing and directing of that scene, but what would it be without the score, Married Life? Giacchino has become Disney’s go-to man for Pixar films (which makes him my personal favorite), and has recently jumped into the Marvel Cinematic Universe with his scores for Doctor Strange, Spiderman: Homecoming, and Spiderman: Far From Home. Giacchino’s resume includes, but obviously isn’t limited to: The Incredibles (the BEST), Sky High, Ratatouille, Jurassic World, Cars 2, Zootopia, and Coco. He also has also done the music for a couple of video games like Call of Duty. 
  • Alan Silvestri – The most underrated movie score of all time belongs to The Polar Express. Guess who did that one? Alan Silvestri doesn’t seem to have a “type” of movie he prefers to score. He’s done movies ranging from Forrest Gump to Lilo and Stitch. Though, the most recent score of his that you’ve probably heard is from the highest grossing film of all time: Avengers Endgame. Maybe it’s just me, but I find it crazy that the same guy who scored movies like Who Framed Roger Rabbit also scored a movie like Endgame. Regardless, Silvestri is just one of the many incredibly talented movie composers who has probably been a part of many of your favorite movies.

Appreciate the score in your next visit to the movies. What fun would dead silence be in an action montage? Maybe it would be fun if it was an action montage in the vacuum of space, but I haven’t seen that done before. Anyways, the next time you are ready to leave as soon as the credits roll, maybe stick around for a second and see who the music was done by. 

“Favorite Musicians” Editor: James Zheng

Filed Under: Music Tagged With: Luke Langlois, Scoring Big

Why Can’t you Play Hockey with Pigs?

November 7, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Luke Langlois


Pigs hog the puck. There are only three certainties on thebirdonfire.org: death, taxes, and Luke pestering the audience with hockey posts. When I think of holiday seasons, the one I anticipate the most is the National Hockey League season. Who decided that the NHL’s opening day could be a holiday? I did. “Holiday” is relative, people! We all know what’s going on in the other major sports leagues. The NFL is everywhere; the disappointment of Dodgers fans is loudly heard around the world, and the NBA is always filled with some sort of interpersonal drama. Where’s the buzz for the NHL?! Who should you cheer for? What’s the best bandwagon to hop on? I’ve got it covered. 

The Atlantic Division

  • Boston Bruins – This bumblebee-colored team is often the favorite of those who are looking to get into the sport of hockey because of their consistency. The Bruins find themselves near the top of the food chain every season with no signs of stopping. 
  • Montreal Canadiens – A favorite among the seven million French speakers in Canada, the culturally-rich Canadiens are hands down the most successful franchise in NHL history with twenty-four Stanley Cup championships. 
  • Tampa Bay Lightning – Can you play hockey in Florida? Yes! The Lightning have an all-around depth unrivaled by many in the NHL, and they are looking forward to replicating the overwhelming success of the 2018-2019 regular season in which they went 62-16-4. Don’t ask them about the playoffs (they got swept). 
  • Toronto Maple Leafs – Comparable to the NBA’s Lakers, the Leafs are an uber-popular team even beyond the city of Toronto. Although they haven’t won the Stanley Cup in over fifty years, the passionate “bleed-blue” fanbase makes this franchise one of the few worth more than a billion dollars. 
  • Florida Panthers – The Florida Panthers claim the entire state of Florida, but they are seen as Tampa Bay’s little brother. Their fanbase is small, but they have an exciting core of players, especially with the addition of Russian goalie Sergei Andreyevich Bobrovsky. Become a Panther fan if you want to push against the hockey norm. 
  • Detroit Red Wings – The Red Wings have enough hockey history to last someone a lifetime. The team is in a textbook “rebuild,” so the product on the ice isn’t always pretty. But, with the brand new deliciously named Little Caesar’s Arena, why wouldn’t you want to watch the Red Wings? 
  • Buffalo Sabres – A team known for its long-suffering fanbase, the Buffalo Sabres seem to finally be coming around to greatness. It will be no surprise if the Sabres end up amongst the top of the Atlantic Division, and perhaps even the Eastern Conference.
  • Ottawa Senators – Ottawa is a franchise plagued with controversy and ownership issues. Unless you are an Ottawa faithful, I would not recommend following this team as they cozy up to the bottom of the league.

The Metropolitan Division

  • Columbus Blue Jackets – The Blue Jackets got put into a rough situation following the 2018-2019 season. They had some of the league’s best skaters, but they refused to sign new contracts with Columbus and dispersed around the league. Columbus is a decent team, but they’re missing the star power they need. 
  • Washington Capitals – Another team that seems to be constantly successful, the Capitals are making sure the citizens of the District of Columbia get used to having successful teams. If you’re looking for a whole city of teams to cheer for, D.C isn’t an awful place to start with the Capitals, Nationals, Wizards, Redskins, and Mystics.
  • New Jersey Devils – Somehow, they fit an entire hockey team in the tiny state that is New Jersey. The Devils have some of the most recognizable players in hockey with P.K. Subban, Taylor Hall, and the 2019 first overall draft pick Jack Hughes. Also, they have a slick color palette. 
  •  Philadelphia Flyers – The thing about Philadelphia sports fans is that their love for sports teams comes hand in hand with their love for the city and its people. Flyers fans are LOUD and passionate. They also have a bit of a reputation for throwing objects onto the ice when referees make questionable calls. If that’s your thing, cheer for the Flyers!
  • Carolina Hurricane – Carolina created a buzz last season when they created a unique style to celebrate their wins on home ice. Once, they dunked a basketball on ice. The Hurricane have been under the radar, but they are a great team that embraces the fun side of the sport for their fans. 
  • New York Islanders – Can’t afford tickets in Madison Square Garden? Cheer for the Islanders. It may sound silly, but this hockey team has mastered being a team. On paper, their roster is not that extravagant, yet this team plays like they’ve been playing hockey together for thirty years. 
  • Pittsburgh Penguins – The Flyers are great and all, but the state of Pennsylvania has largely rallied around the recent success of the Penguins. With three Stanley Cups in the past decade (2009, 2016, 2017), the Penguins have certainly made good use of one of the best players in the league, Sidney Crosby. 
  • New York Rangers – The most valuable franchise in the NHL is unsurprisingly located in the heart of New York City. Rangers fans never fail to fill Madison Square Garden, even in the face of a team that has seen better days. It’s New York. 

The Central Division

  • Colorado Avalanche – What do you do after putting up one of the worst seasons in NHL history? Why, you become one of the best teams in the league a couple of years later, of course! The Avalanche have a high-flying offense which invades the nightmares of every goalie. Maybe it’s the altitude. 
  • Chicago Blackhawks – If you surveyed NHL players about which arena they least like to play in, it would be the home of the Blackhawks. Winning three Stanley Cups in six years has given the Blackhawks organization out of this world attendance numbers with crowds well over twenty-thousand at every home game. 
  • St. Louis Blues – The Blues have not been singing the blues recently, given that they just ended their fifty-year drought and are the defending Stanley Cup champions. You can root for Missouri without any misery! 
  • Winnipeg Jets – This Manitoban team prides itself as being the “true north” of the NHL. In the grand hockey scheme, they are a relatively new team and are still looking for life via a Stanley Cup championship, but I reckon that they are on the right track. They have fallen just short of greatness in the past few years.
  • Nashville Predators – A team known for their mix of yeehaw and hockey, the Nashville Predators are uniquely southern with the country tinge they add to home games. They are consistently a strong team, and they have fans that throw dead catfish on the ice. What more could you want? 
  • Dallas Stars – Cowboys, who? Located in the heart of the Lone Star State, the Dallas Stars prance around the league with that Texas swagger with their eye-popping green jerseys. There is nothing quite like hearing the Stars’ hard-rock goal that has the entire state chanting for the “DALLAS STARS” with a guitar riff behind them.
  • Minnesota Wild – Ah, Minnesota, the stereotypical hockey state.  Tucked up in the cold of St. Paul, Wild fans are hopelessly in love with their somewhat mediocre home team. Let me know if you can figure out what their primary logo is supposed to be.

The Pacific Division

  • Vancouver Canucks – Vancouver tends to be one of the most attractive free-agent destinations for a reason. For one, beautiful British Columbia is a great place to be if you’re a young and rich athlete. It’s also important to note that Canucks fans literally tried burning down their city after losing the Stanley Cup in 2011, resulting in about 5.57 million dollars in damages.  
  • Arizona Coyotes – People often question the validity of hockey in the barren desert, but that hasn’t stopped this tenacious group from making Arizona an icebox. If you’ve ever felt the need to howl after your team scores, cheer for the Coyotes. They do that. 
  • Anaheim Ducks – Have you ever heard of The Mighty Ducks? That’s right, the Anaheim Ducks are the only team to have stemmed from a Disney movie. While teams like the Clippers, Angels, and Chargers struggle to find their place in the shadow of a more popular Los Angeles team, the Ducks have found their identity as Orange County’s pride and joy.
  • Calgary Flames – When this team is able to gather its heat, they are good. The Flames haven’t been so red hot lately, but the “C” of red has never been stronger. During Calgary playoff games, Flames’ fans suffocate the seats of the Scotiabank Saddledome with RED. 
  • Vegas Golden Knights – Even though the Knights just came into existence in the 2017-2018 season, they have already dotted the league with the golden glitz and glamor of Las Vegas. In fact, they have never missed the playoffs in their two-year history, and they made the Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season. Viva, Las Vegas! 
  • Los Angeles Kings – In 2012 and 2014, the Kings won the Stanley Cup in dominant fashion and showed the city that they meant business. Since 2014, though, the Kings have been unable to find that champion spark and are currently in the process of rebuilding their roster to match the NHL’s new style of play focused on youth and speed. If it were up to me, you’d ALL be Kings’ fans. 
  • Edmonton Oilers – The Oilers have been notoriously mediocre for the last decade, but that doesn’t change Edmonton’s status as the team of “The Great One,” Wayne Gretzky. This season, it seems that the Oilers have finally found their footing as a 21st Century Stanley Cup contender, but only time will tell.
  • San Jose Sharks – The Sharks have been competitive for a very long time. They’ve made deep playoff runs galore, but they haven’t been able to seal the deal. Unfortunately, their core players are old, and it looks like their window of contention has closed. But, that won’t stop the sea of teal that covers the Bay Area. 

If you have made it to the bottom of this post, I APPLAUD you. Seriously. Our desert NEEDS hockey fans. For the unaware, the NHL will be adding an expansion team to Seattle, Washington. Each NHL team has an AHL (American Hockey League) affiliate, where players on the cusp of the NHL go to develop. We are getting that AHL team RIGHT HERE in the desert, and I highly recommend that you learn the sport so that you can take advantage of what is likely to be the greatest entertainment hub in our valley. Plus, we don’t want them to leave us if it’s not working out financially. That is all!

Seasons Editor: Katelin Mei

Filed Under: Seasonal Holidays Tagged With: Luke Langlois, Why Can’t you Play Hockey with Pigs?

“We have Technology” – Guy From the 1960s

October 24, 2019 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Luke Langlois

The tumultuous decade of the 1960s came with turning points in our history, including the Civil Rights movement, Second-wave feminism, the Anti-war movement, and more. No outdated cultural norm was safe in this era. Do you know what else wasn’t safe? Antiquated technology. Here are some of the technological and scientific developments of the 1960s that have stood the test of time.

  1. 1960: Theodore Maiman invented the first rendition of the LASER. The use of the “LASER” has varied over the years. It is currently used to read blue-ray disks, among other things. It has also manifested itself as its own, unique word for science fiction’s brightly colored (usually lethal) beams. LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Neat!
  2. 1960: The first minicomputer was put on the market. The Programmable Data Processor, also known as the PDP, contained hardware for one of the first-ever digital games: “Spacewar!” It was known as a minicomputer because the usual “computers” of this time were bulky and aesthetically unappealing. The new appeal that came with the minicomputers made it an excellent product for the market.
  3. 1961: Mission Vostok 1 commenced and sent the first man into space, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. I know us Americans of the 60s are not supposed to like the Russians, but we have to appreciate the first man in space. SPACE!!!!
  4. 1961: The IBM Typewriter said, “Hello!” to the planet. In comparison to the older typewriters on the market, IBM’s (International Business Machine’s) new typewriter made typing a LOT quicker. This machine was the benevolent forefather of the device I am using to create this post right now!
  5. 1962: Whether you prefer Coke, Pepsi, or even RC Cola, you know the *pshKSSS CLICK* sound of a soda can’s pop tab. Beverage companies around the world thank Ermal Fraze for inventing the satisfying sound that has become instrumental to marketing efforts. 
  6. 1962: Public radio is absolutely abysmal sometimes, that’s why we have satellite radio (even though that may be falling out style, too. We can thank the first Telstar satellite for letting us communicate through space relays. This Telstar satellite, however, was limited to relaying television pictures, telegraph images, and telephone calls.
  7. 1963: You may be sick right now, but I bet it isn’t measles! On this day in 1963, the measles vaccine was approved by the World Health Organization (the WHO) and released to the public. 
  8. 1964: Imagine you’re someone from the 60s who enjoys horses, muscle cars, and the Ford Motor Company, but cannot find a way to mix these lovely interests. You’re in luck! In 1964, the public was graced with the first model of the Ford Mustang. 
  9. 1964/1965: Although the precise date is unknown, these two years marked the emergence of AstroTurf! If you have ever dealt with trying to maintain grass in the desert, I would be willing to bet that you have considered artificial turf. Thank the 60s!
  10. 1965: How am I supposed to stop a bullet with just my measly human body? In 1965, Stephanie Kwolek synthesized a lightweight steel-like fiber that has been used in bulletproof vests and body armor all over the world: kevlar. 
  11. 1967: Your heart works incredibly hard every single day, and it NEVER stops. Incredible! On this date, South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard figured out what to do when the heart no longer works as it should. Naturally, he performed the world’s first heart transplant. 
  12. 1967: Calculus is tough, and it would be even tougher without my trusty Texas Instrument. Although calculators existed before 1967, Texas Instruments released the first calculator that was truly compact and handheld. The “Cal Tech” printed your calculations (limited to the four basic operations) onto a small piece of paper tape. 
  13. 1968: Emergencies are almost always time-sensitive events, and quick responses are crucial to the resolution of said emergencies. In 1967, the FCC met with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) to work on a unified emergency line.  In 1968, AT&T made way for the iconic 911 emergency code. 
  14. 1969: Our parents are right; what would we do without the internet? In 1969, the first steps were taken towards the internet we have today: ARPANET. ARPANET became a tangible reality when UCLA, UCSB, University of Utah, and Stanford University gave birth to a grand network. Look out for James’s post that elaborates on the origins of the world’s greatest communication tool. 

You have just witnessed an all-encompassing list of developments from the 1960s. Congratulations! I think some guy landed on the moon, too. Hopefully, you’ll have some new facts to bring up at the dinner table, especially when Uncle Bob opens up his soda. When I come back to thebirdonfire.org in sixty years, I’ll do an anniversary post. What developments of this decade will integrate themselves as a permanent part of our livelihoods? 

1960s Editor: Quintus Ni

Filed Under: 1960s Tagged With: “We have Technology” - Guy From the 1960s, Luke Langlois

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We are the Palm Valley Firebirds of Rancho Mirage, California. Join us in our endeavors. Venture through the school year with us, perusing the artwork of our students, community, and staff. Our goal is to share the poems, stories, drawings and photographs, essays and parodies that come out of our school. Welcome aboard!