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cot vs. caught

May 31, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By House Linguist Brennan Nick

In case you did not know, the people of Shakespeare’s time spoke much differently than we do today. If someone in Shakespeare’s time came today and spoke to you, you may only be able to understand about 75% of what they are saying. However, the year 1600 was “only” about ten generations ago. Now, I personally do not feel like I speak much differently from my parents, let alone Shakespeare. Besides, there have been massive enunciation shifts from Shakespeare’s time to now. So I wondered, what massive sound changes are going on right now?

 

Well, one thing that I learned very recently is the fact that some people pronounce the words “cot” and “caught” differently, while an increasing number of people pronounce them the same. This is called the cot-caught merger. This blew my mind when I learned this because I never realized that we were experiencing sound shifts right now. The difference is between the “aw,” “au,” “al,” and “ought” sounds and the short “o” sounds. The difference can be seen in words like . . .

–“cot” and “caught,”

–”collar” and “caller,”

–”stock” and “stalk,”

–”chock” and “chalk,”

–and ”don” and “dawn.”

 

It used to be that everyone made a distinction between the two different vowel sounds. However, people are increasingly pronouncing those vowel sounds the same. This shift is occurring the most in the Greater Pittsburgh Area and West Virginia, the New England Area, and the entire western half of the USA, with some exceptions such as San Francisco (See map).

With this knowledge, I then decided to collect some data on who pronounced the vowel sounds the same way and who pronounced them differently. So, I went around to many people here in Southern California and had them say these words:

“Rock cot talk rob stalk water

Call stock caught doll also”*

*Unbolded = “cot” sound for all words

Bold = Both “cot” and “caught” sounds used

 

Here is what I found:

People who did make a distinction: 10

People who did not make a distinction: 27

 

Even though I got the data, I still wanted to find some characteristic that determined who made a distinction and who did not. Age did not have to do with it, as there were both teachers and students who made the distinction and did not. What I found to be the greatest determiner was whether or not they were from California or if they were from elsewhere.

 

People who made a distinction and are not from California–8.

People who made a distinction and are from California–2.

People who did not make a distinction and are not from California–7.

People who did not make a distinction and are from California–20.

 

This can be explained by the fact that, in California, the two vowel sounds are merged by most people; whereas the two vowels are largely unmerged in many other areas of the country.

 

All in all, this was a fun experiment.

 

Below is a video where you can “hear” the difference for yourself.

Editor: Leo Milmet

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Science, The World Tagged With: Brennan Nick, cot vs. caught

Fear and Loathing

May 30, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Leo Milmet

 

I’ve been called a liar.

A bit excessive.

A weak little weasel who has just gotta toughen up.

A cold-hearted young man with a face of stone.

A slave to my fears.

A bitter soul.

I’ve been asked “What the hell is wrong with you?” countless times.

I’ve been unfavorably compared to the accommodation-needing, annoying kid in the car who constantly asks “Are we there yet?”

I’ve been told, by well-intentioned people, “Mine is different. You wouldn’t have a problem with mine.”

 

 

All I said was,

“I’m afraid of dogs.”

 

Editor: Peter Kadel

Filed Under: Culture, Horror, Poetry, The World Tagged With: dogs, Fear and Loathing, Leo Milmet

some coffees i’m ready to try… now:

May 23, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Makena Behnke

many people enjoy drinking their normal morning coffee. it may be a latte, cappuccino, or a normal drip coffee. well, lattes, flat whites, and mochas are just the tip of the iceberg–

  • turkish coffee~ coffee with fine grounds and a cardamom pod included. also referred to as arabic and greek coffee. (turkey/greece/middle eastern area)
  • cuban espresso~ espresso sweetened with sugar while brewing the shot. (cuba)
  • marocchino~ espresso, cocoa powder and milk froth. sometimes thick hot cocoa and/or nutella is splashed in. (italy)
  • galão~ 1 part espresso and 3 parts foamed milk. (portugal)
  • kopi tubruk~ coffee with coarse grounds are left in the mix and are boiled with solid sugar. (indonesian)
  • swedish egg coffee~ the egg cuts the bitterness and heightens the smoothness. supposedly it doesn’t taste like egg. (sweden)
  • qishr~ spiced coffee husks, ginger, and every once in a while, cinnamon. (yemen)
  • fat americano~ substitute hot water with a can of Coca-Cola and pour it over ice. (america)
  • cafe breve~  0.5 part milk foam, 1 part steamed half and half, and 1 part espresso. (america)
  • red eye~ drip coffee with a shot of espresso. (america)
  • mazagran~ lemon juice, ice cubes, water, and espresso. (portugal)
  • espresso romano~ shot of espresso with lemon. (italy)
  • cafe tobio~ 1 part drip coffee and 1 part espresso. (america)

Editor: AJ Patencio

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Food, The World Tagged With: Makena Behnke, some coffees i’m ready to try… now:

The Under-Appreciated Art of Short Films

May 17, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Shelby Armor

Everyone takes the time to go with a couple of friends to see the latest blockbuster that just hit theaters, but people rarely go out of their way to see a short film. The art of the short film is rarely talked about, and I can’t think of many people that rave about an amazing new short film they just saw.

I, personally, am in love with short films. The thing that I find most amazing about short films is their ability to construct an entire complex story, often times in less than ten minutes. I find that this is the particular challenge faced by short films. You have fewer than forty minutes (as the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences defines it) to make your audience fall in love with your characters and feel invested in the story that you’re telling. You are creating an intricate story with just as much complexity as a full-length feature film. This is a challenge. When watching a TV show, the creators take time and slowly introduce you to characters, knowing that you’ll like them eventually. But, in a short film, you have the length of an episode to accomplish the same thing and more.

Shorts can be anything from a soul-sucking drama to a childish animation. This is what is so beautiful about them. Even in their time constraints, they have such freedom of expression. Shorts are often used to make statements, to comment on human nature, or to take a strong political stance. But, they can also be used to just make people happy and laugh.

Well known for making people happy are shorts made by Pixar. I grew up on these films. My favorite film that I must have watched one hundred times and still enjoy today is called Boundin’ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WyR4AqRweY). And while this short may be very amusing, it holds a deeper message for people, telling them to love and accept themselves no matter how they look. Another one of my personal favorites as a child was For the Birds, also by Pixar (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLdfpBNjdDc). This one is supposed to be pure comedy with an annoying bird being pecked at by smaller birds as they sit on a wire together.

And, if you take another example from Pixar’s Red’s Dreams (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBtIPJM2AsI), there is a much darker theme. It follows a young unicycle who is lying alone in a run-down shop, dreaming of the day he is bought and can go to the circus. All of these short films are only about five-ten minutes long, but even after not having watched the shorts in about ten years, I still remember every detail. I remember how I loved them so and first began to fall in love with the under-appreciated art of short films.  

Short films have the ability to tug at your heartstrings and lay out a grand story in less than an hour. There is such complexity to them, and they require so much skill to write, which is often not thought of when you see a short film. The ability to do what a short film does, to pull in viewers like they do within such a small time frame, is truly astonishing.

 

P.S. I highly recommend watching the Pixar short film collection, as they are all really amazing. Two really good ones to check out are Geri’s Game (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IYRC7g2ICg) and Lifted (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVLoc6FrLi0). Another one of my favorites (not from Pixar) is The Present (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjqiU5FgsYc). Happy short film watching!

 

Editor: Brennan Nick

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Fiction, Media, Op-Ed, Review Tagged With: Shelby Armor, The Under-appreciated Art of Short Films

Destress your Distress

May 16, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

By Claire Jenkins

 

Gentle reminders to take care of yourself and de-stress from the tests–AP’s and Semester Assessments. Here are some tips!

 

Pet a cat, for you feline lovers.

Pet a dog, for you canine lovers.

Ride a horse, for you equine lovers.

Eat some junk food, for you calorie lovers.

Drink some tea, for you herbal lovers.

Listen to some music, for you rhythm lovers.

Go on a hike, for you nature lovers.

Light some candles, for you scent lovers.

Play some video games, for you technology lovers.

Take a nap, for you sleep lovers.

Watch a movie, for you cinema lovers.

Take a deep breath, for you oxygen lovers.

 

Editor: Renée Vazquez

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Current News, Poetry, School Events Tagged With: Claire Jenkins, Destress your Distress

Is Far Cry 5 a “5 out of 5”?

May 16, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Peter Kadel

Far Cry 5 is the latest installment of the Far Cry published by Ubisoft and developed by Ubisoft. The game takes place in the fictional Hope County in Montana. This is the first game of the series to take place in the United States. Many of the jokes and quests are more relatable and the characters seem to be more relatable and more farcical at the same time. As a sequel, the game stays close to the core concept of Far Cry: Lots of weapons, outlandish and wacky side characters, maniacal and oddly charismatic villains, and an expansive open world. But, it also mixes it up with a plethora of new minor features that give the game a fresh feeling for the first couple hours of gameplay. The gameplay itself is pretty standard for a Far Cry game. The main villain(s) is/are the Seed family and their radical evangelical cult, The Project at Eden’s Gate, who have taken over Hope County, Montana, and are capturing, brainwashing, torturing the people of Hope County. The main leader of the cult is Joseph Seed who oversees the entire cult with support from his three siblings: Jacob Seed, a cruel and merciless warrior who believes in culling the weak; John Seed, a charismatic man who forces people to confess their “sins” and submit to the cult; and Faith Seed, a sort of enchantress who uses a hallucinogenic drug to control and manipulate her enemies and turn some cultists into drug-fueled berserkers. Each member of the Seed family controls a region, and players have to defeat the three lieutenants and liberate their region before getting to the leader Joseph.

 

The main story of the game is entertaining at parts, but as a whole it is disorganized and lacks a compelling reason to follow the main quest. In all honesty, I only completed the main questline because the side quests were even more one dimensional and linear, with one exception–the Clutch Nixon Stunt missions, which are a series of time limited vehicular feats which you must recreate. The quests themselves don’t have a compelling backstory, but they unlock a series of star-spangled vehicles that are really fun to drive/fly around. But, in general, the game fails to provide a compelling reason to complete missions other than “do this to get some cool stuff” or “because an NPC [Non-Player Character] said so.”

 

That being said, the game is entertaining and provides an enjoyable experience in many parts. New vehicles such as planes, helicopters, and semi trucks offer more options in terms of gameplay and how to overcome certain challenges and obstacles such as enemy strongholds and convoys. The game also includes a new type of weapon–melee weapons. These give the player more stealth options in terms of combat.

 

SO! Overall the verdict is: Far Cry 5 is an entertaining game and provides a good gaming experience, but it isn’t worth the 60 dollars needed to pay for it, so if you would like to purchase it, I suggest waiting until it is cheaper.

 

Editor: Bella Bier

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, driving dirt roads, Fiction, Horror, Review, Technology, The World Tagged With: Is Far Cry 5 a "5 out of 5"?, Peter Kadel

A Review of The Palm Valley Middle School Drama Department’s Alice in Wonderland, Jr.

May 16, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Leo Milmet, Theatre Critic*

 

Grade: B

I don’t know what to think about the Palm Valley Middle School Drama Department’s production of Alice in Wonderland, Jr. If the play’s brilliant directors, Mr. Craig Gahnz, Ms. Kim Phillips, and the legendary Mr. Ken Sarkis, had shown me the script (without any of the great lines added by Mr. Sarkis), I would have politely asked if the person who wrote the script had seen a play before. Alice in Wonderland, Jr., as a script, is a mess.

 

I had seen half of the play already and wasn’t much of a fan of the writing, so I went in the theatre with the review half-written in my head. But, after seeing the whole show, I no longer thought of writing scathing comments about the show (aside from the writing). Mr. Sarkis, Mr. Gahnz, and Ms. Phillips are amazing. They have taken a simplistic script and mostly mediocre musical score and somehow, someway, turned these elements into a decent production. How? To start with, the choreography is excellent. Ms. Phillips has a true artist’s eye for dance, and here she has created some of her most spectacularly choreographed numbers. Her big, showy numbers work as pure energy and spectacle, further enhanced by the students’ real love of theatre. The staging even manages to ground the nonsensical plot.

 

The play was also technically brilliant. The sets, lighting, costumes, hair, and makeup are aesthetically pleasing. When I walked into the theatre, I saw the majestic black-and-white of the whole stage, and when all of the colorful costumes, hair, and makeup (all incredibly designed, by the way) appear, the juxtaposition feels like…well, it feels like Wonderland. The lighting is also visually pleasing which includes some brilliant glow-in-the-dark moments. However, maybe more could’ve been done to vary and accentuate the lighting to truly make the audience feel like they were in a crazy Wonderland.

 

The play’s middle-school cast does the job well, and many of its members do it exceptionally well. Kaiya Treash, Mia Alexander, and Kanan Levy make for amazing Alice’s. They’re the only actors in the cast tasked with playing a character that is even a little more than just a silly caricature, and they do it well. I got a genuine sense of Alice’s childlike giddiness and naiveté. Also notable are Carter Keenan as the hilarious and adorable King of Hearts, and Henry Swenning, whose Mad Hatter kept me entertained whenever he was on stage. However, some small aspects of the production were just a tiny bit unpolished–some stumbles could have been smoothed out, but no matter — the actors are quite talented, and their energy is through the roof. In fact, the pure theatrical energy of the cast is what saves this show from mediocrity, almost as much as the directing of the actors.

 

The play is very “Sarkissian.” The second act of Alice in Wonderland, Jr. returned to the beautiful wonkiness of Mr. Sarkis’s self-written plays such as Home Sweet Homer and Shakespeare at Starlucks. The spectacular show-stopper in the beginning of the second act that I’m not likely to forget anytime soon, “Zip-a-dee-doo-dah,” was a nostalgic blend of new-age spectacle and a true Sarkis production.

 

My one major complaint is that I wish the cast had gotten more of a chance to play legitimately challenging roles. With the play’s length being around an hour and a half (including intermission), only a few people even get to have the experience of becoming a character. Every character (maybe even Alice) is a caricature, and not much can be done about it. The issue stems from the choice of material which, I’m afraid, is the major weak point. These “Jr.” shows that the directors get from Music Theater International such as Into The Woods, Jr. and Alice In Wonderland, Jr. are, in my experience, short, terribly written, spectacle-based musicals. But this one also lacks good roles for the actors which is why I cannot understand why this play was chosen. This play does not befit these great middle-school actors, and it certainly does not befit the play’s three brilliant directors.

 

So, what is my overall recommendation? I give this musical a definite thumbs-up, with the writing and lack of good roles being my only reservations. The play is entertaining; it’s short, and I think most people liked it even more than myself. Regardless of the flaws, I cannot overstate the great combination of the amazing energy of the cast and the definite skill of the directors. So, I hope you saw it, especially if you have small kids. You probably had a wonderful time.

 

Editor: Brennan Nick

*The views of critic Milmet are his own and don’t represent the views of thebirdonfire.org as an institution.

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Current News, Performances, Review Tagged With: A Review of The Palm Valley Middle School Drama Department's Alice in Wonderland, Jr., Leo Milmet, Theatre Critic

Fly Me to the Prom: I PROMise You’ll Love It

May 11, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

Public Service Announcement by Brennan Nick, Blogger and ASB Member

Hey, Guys! As most of you already know, the Palm Valley School Prom is coming up on Saturday, May 26th. This year, prom is going to be better than ever! It’s going to take place at the Palm Springs Air Museum, and the theme is “Fly Me to the Moon.” Dessert will be served at the dance, including a candy bar and chocolate fountain. Now, if you’re wondering if you can bring a date or friend from outside of this school, you’re in luck because guests are allowed to come and enjoy our prom. Take note: guests must be vetted and approved by Ms. Steinman before May 18th. Also, please be sure to buy your tickets as soon as possible! Tickets are being sold before school and during lunch. Until Friday, May 18th, the tickets are $55 for a single and $90 for a pair. The week before prom (Monday, May 21st, to Friday, May 25th) the prices are $60 for a single and $100 for a pair. If you wait until the last minute, tickets sold at the door are $65 for a single and $110 for a pair. Thank you, and I hope to see you all there to enjoy a magical night.

 

Editor: Bella Bier

Filed Under: Culture, Current News, School Events Tagged With: Brennan Nick, Fly Me to the Prom: I PROMise You'll Love It

First Words–Revisited

May 7, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

By Claire Jenkins

According to Psychology Today, “If the eyes are the window to the soul, then words are the gateway to the mind.” The words people choose to define things often reveal a lot about the person. When we think, we only think in verbs and nouns (Psychology Today). Other words such as adjectives and adverbs are added in when we form our thoughts into spoken words. The words others use when speaking or writing provide a way to observe the characteristics and the emotions of these individuals.

A while back I listed off words to a select pool of Palm Valley students and recorded their first-word reactions. Then, I came back and listed the same words to the same people, but this time they had a chance to think about their responses, and the word they felt fit the best was recorded. Here are their reflected-upon responses:

Female

transformative, complex, lips, human, children, woman, rights, Iron Man (think about it: the sign for iron is Fe)

Male

surprising, tiring, leaves, human, female, man, blue, mailman

Smart

overrated, determination, you, understanding, well-informed, brain, books, wise

Dumb

disregarded, growth, me, speaking, stupid, brick, mud, silent

Future

complicated, far, blue, bleak, work, time-machine, gifts, Star Wars

Past

dependent, ignorance, unsuccessful, civilization, history, dinosaur, emptiness, history

Present

confusing, wasted, Claire, existence, now, Santa, thoughts, 2018

Alone

peace, rest, white, sensitive, pondering, corner, pillow, wilderness

Community

bond, love, people, people, family, homes, garden, civilization

 

What would psychologists say about these eight people? What do you say?

 

Editor: Brennan Nick

Filed Under: Culture, Interview, Letters, Science Tagged With: Claire Jenkins, First Words--Revisited

songs to sing along to

May 4, 2018 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

By Music Master-Blogger Makena Behnke

sometimes, we’re in such a good mood, and we just want to scream at the top of our lungs (out of happiness). sometimes that hurts your throat so instead of screaming here are some songs that you can dance to, hum to, sing along with, etc.

  • Habits by Machine Gun Kelly
  • Remedy by State Champs
  • Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard by Paul Simon
  • Cool for Cats by Squeeze
  • Dead Moon by Brick + Mortar
  • Gangsta’s Paradise by Coolio
  • Bum Bum Tam Tam by MC Fioti
  • Psycho Killer by Talking Heads
  • Come On Eileen by Dexys Midnight Runners
  • Papa Don’t Preach by Madonna
  • Fashionista by Jimmy James
  • 18 And Life by Skid Row
  • 9 to 5 by Dolly Parton

*Warning: some songs might contain swear words

Editor: Bella Bier

Filed Under: Advice, Culture, Music Tagged With: Makena Behnke, songs to sing along to

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About

We are the Palm Valley Firebirds of Rancho Mirage, California. Join us in our endeavors. Venture through the school year with us, perusing the artwork of our students, community, and staff. Our goal is to share the poems, stories, drawings and photographs, essays and parodies that come out of our school. Welcome aboard!