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What’s yellow and slimy?

May 28, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

Blogger Hannah has some serious pride for her new school mascot, the banana slug. She dives into the scientific background of the species, even includes some fun facts.–Editor Elizabeth

by Hannah Hall, Nature Correspondent

This upcoming fall, I will be attending the University of California at Santa Cruz. And, you may be wondering why that is relevant. Well, our mascot is “yellow and slimy.” Our mascot is the Banana Slug!

The banana slug is a gastropod invertebrate (mucus secreting, spineless creature) that can usually be found in yellow, which is where they get their “banana” name from. They can also be seen in shades of brown, white and green—sometimes a speckled combination of multiple colors! Banana slugs can be found all over the Pacific Northwest from some areas in Alaska, all the way to Central California. They are native in forest habitats, and flourish in the moisture. In fact, their slime is based off of the moisture surrounding them. Their slime is actually crystallized. When the substance comes in contact with moisture it can absorb up to 100 times its size, which is what we then recognize as goopy slime. Their slime serves a few purposes. Firstly, it is protective. When predators try to eat the slug, the slime actually numbs their tongue, which can lend to their escape from the jaws of death. Secondly, it acts as a skin barrier. Their slime is practically moisture retaining lotion that prevents their skin from becoming dehydrated. Thirdly, it helps with moving. Yes, it helps with inching around—at their top speed of only 6.5 inches per-minute—but it also helps with the moving of their food. Oftentimes banana slugs will use their slime to push debris on them to their tail, so they can turn around and eat it off of themselves. And, speaking of food, they are pretty much nature’s compost bin. They are known as vegetarian decomposers that feed off of animal droppings and dying/dead plants such as fruit, moss, and mushrooms. Their waste then serves as nitrogen-rich fertilizer which is good for the forest floor. 

Photo credit: arksinspace.com

You may be wondering how banana slugs reproduce. Banana slugs are in fact hermaphrodites, “which means they possess both male and female sex organs simultaneously” (NatGeo). This also means that as much as they have the opportunity to mate with others—“courting,” they can also mate with themselves. Although when they do mate with others, sometimes they have trouble….detaching….for lack of better terms. The University of Puget Sound states, “if they are unable to [detach,] one or both will finally start chewing and bite off the [sex] organ of the other slug. This behavior is called apophallation and seems unique to slugs.”

Summing up the basic facts about my new beloved mascot, hopefully you find the species as interesting as I do. #GoSlugs

Editor-in-Chief: Elizabeth Shay

Sources:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/banana-slug

https://www.nilesbio.com/prod342.html

Banana Slug Fact Sheet

https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/exhibits/terrestrial-panel/banana-slug/

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Chicken Craziness

May 26, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

From chicken tenders to chicken sandwiches–Blogger Elizabeth comes through with the most recent chicken news. 

By Elizabeth Shay

This past week has been cluck full of news involving the common poultry that we know and love: chicken. Here are three recent chick-entertaining stories!

Chicken Nugget Shenanigans

For many Americans, McDonald’s chicken nuggets are a nostalgic piece of childhood. But, the chain is popular internationally as well. And, sometimes, you really, really, really, need to satisfy your craving and will do anything to secure the goods. Take Rudi Batten from England, for example. The 22-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in jail according to authorities, for engaging in an armed robbery of a McDonald’s in Yate. Batten allegedly “took 50 pounds from a cash register before holding an imitation firearm to a store manager’s head and leading him to a safe” (Bristol Post). Then, he asked for the aforementioned chicken nuggets but had to settle for a double sausage McMuffin because at 7 a.m. the restaurant was only serving the breakfast menu. The day before the McDonald’s fiasco, Batten had also robbed a Miss Millie’s in the city, taking cash and fried chicken (WHDH in Boston). People do wild things for chicken!

Costco Chicken Sandwich

A Costco in Vancouver made waves with their entrance into the Chicken Sandwich War. The “Crispy Chicken Sandwich” made its debut on the food court menu at a Canadian Costco. The sandwich includes chicken and spicy mayo on a soft cheese bun, but is notably missing pickles. Costco fans have praised the new option, but some people are definitely missing the pickles. One thing to note is that Costco’s “Crispy Chicken Sandwich” is a whopping 810 calories, surpassing Popeye’s which has 699 and Chick-fil-A which stands at 460. Costco has not yet commented on whether the sandwich will make an appearance in the United States, so hopeful American shoppers just have to wait and keep an eye out!

Chicken Shortage

As demonstrated by the stories above, chicken is widely loved. However, according to CNN Business, the beloved bird is in short supply, and it turns out that Tyson’s roosters are partly to blame. Chicken volumes have been low because the roosters that the meat processor has been using for breeding are not meeting expectations. Donnie King, Tyson’s Chief Operating Officer and Group President of Poultry–yes, that’s a real position–said during an analyst call that “[They’re] changing out a male that, quite frankly,  [they] made a bad decision on.” This male is the reason for the “unexpected decline” in hatchings in this past year. Tyson made the decision to choose this type of chicken because of specific traits that improved the quality of offspring’s meat, but are switching back to the original roosters which lead to more eggs and higher hatch rates. Another reason for the decreased availability of chicken is actually the growing popularity of chicken sandwiches, causing restaurants to add chicken-based items to their menus. Finally, the Texas winter storm and Covid-19 outbreak negatively impacted production at plants. Maybe consider easing up on the chicken sandwiches for the time being.

That’s a wrap. I hope you have been thoroughly hen-tertained by the recent chicken news! 

Editor-in-Chief: Hannah Hall

Sources:

https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/armed-mcdonalds-robber-demanded-chicken-5355997

https://whdh.com/news/armed-robber-who-demanded-chicken-nuggets-at-mcdonalds-during-breakfast-flees-with-mcmuffin-instead/

https://www.eatthis.com/news-costco-food-court-crispy-chicken-sandwich/

https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/11/business/chicken-shortage-tyson-roosters/index.html

Filed Under: Food Tagged With: Chicken Craziness, Elizabeth Shay

Status Report: Colombians in Protest

May 26, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

Blogger Evan writes about the current situation in Colombia and why people are protesting. He also explains why it is important and necessary that we protect the protestors. — Editor-in-Chief Roman Rickwood 

By Evan Spry, Politics Editor

It has been over four years since the Colombian government signed a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), ending a five-decade long conflict that affected every part of Colombian society. 2016 was supposed to be the start of a long and peaceful process of implementing the people’s ideas into the government with cooperation from the Colombian establishment. Unfortunately, broken promises on both sides have fostered the rise of the far-right in the government and dissent from the people on the streets. The current figurehead of this right wing movement in Colombian government is Ivan Duque. 

Duque formerly served in the Colombian Senate where he opposed and condemned the peace agreement with the FARC (britannica.com). As a self described “extreme centrist,” Duque fits right into the Democratic Center, the right-wing political party he represents. This party’s main stance is its aggressive anti-rebel approach.  

Unsurprisingly, this vehemently anti-rebel approach has led to a stagnation in the cooperation between former fighters made up of different rebel factions. And, with right-wing government and current poverty reminding Colombians why they rebelled in the first place, tension rose. As the boiling point was almost reached, COVID-19 hit, and everyone was forced indoors. The pandemic-related pause on the economy was destructive to the already wavering economic situation, causing more and more people to become impoverished. And, as soon as Colombians were allowed back on the streets, they went. But not to work, to protest. The poverty that many Colombians live in was exacerbated by a new tax law aimed at stimulating the economy. This new law would only raise taxes on basic goods and services such as fuel, public services, and pensions/wages. Obviously, this didn’t sit well with the average Colombian, so they took to the streets. Since the protests started on April 28th, thousands of demonstrators have participated in protests all around the country (apnews.com). 

Photo credit: BBC News

 The Colombian government did end up repealing the controversial tax bill that raised prices on everyday commodities, but they didn’t fix the wider issue of poverty that many Colombians experience. This led people to continue protesting, which in turn led to more confrontations with the police and Colombian armed forces. Keep in mind, many of these policing forces were under the command of right-wing anti-communists that saw the protests as an act of rebellion. In order to stop the rebellion, these officials, like Ivan Duque, ordered the police to treat the protesters like rebels. This meant excessive use of force, police brutality, unlawful arrests, and even killings. According to Reuters, “Local advocacy group Temblores says 40 protesters have allegedly been killed by police, while Human Rights Watch said it has received 46 credible reports of protest deaths and verified 13” (reuters.com). Fortunately, amid all the unrest, certain communities have grown closer together. The third largest city in Colombia, Cali, has faced the brunt of the violence between protesters and security forces with local indigenous groups stepping in to support and protect the protesters. The support Colombians are providing for each other against the government has even inspired Colombian mayors including that of Cali to condemn the federal government’s actions and address the issues facing Colombians. According to Colombia Reports, “Mayor Jorge Ivan Ospina urged the president to visit Cali to address the ‘political problem of a national nature’ that has manifested itself most violently in Cali, which is also reporting food shortages.”

This fracturing of the government is showing us how serious the situation in Colombia is. If Ivan Duque really cared about the Colombian people, he would step down from office and let someone else (that is more competent) lead Colombia. Hopefully, the cooperation between local governments, activists, and indigenous groups will unite Colombia and lead it down a stable path. If not, the cycle of authoritarian right-wingers will stay in power, jeopardizing any hope of a prosperous Colombia. 

Editor-in-Chief: Roman Rickwood

Sources:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-Duque

https://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-peace/colombias-farc-delivers-a-fraction-of-pledged-peace-deal-assets-by-deadline-idUSKBN2951QQ

https://apnews.com/article/colombia-business-tax-reform-health-coronavirus-pandemic-4783fa3719a9d204bfdcdfb7fe079a76 ap news 

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombian-cities-brace-more-covid-infections-after-protests-2021-05-11/#:~:text=Demonstrator%20demands%20have%20expanded%20to,a%20long%2Ddebated%20health%20reform.&text=Colombia’s%20human%20rights%20ombudsman%20said,civilians%20and%20one%20police%20officer. Death toll

Filed Under: Politics Tagged With: Status Report: Colombians in Protest

Student Loan Debt, Its Effect on the American Economy, and If We Should Forgive it All

May 26, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

Blogger Jake writes about a costly epidemic crushing our nation, specifically putting a huge burden on young people who are fresh out of college with a mountain of student debt trying to survive in an increasingly expensive world. 

By Jake Sonderman, Business Editor

As of the first quarter of 2021, total student loan debt is numbered at $1.74 trillion (fred.stlouisfed.org). The average student loan debt amount, for the 43.2 million people with student loan debt, is $39,351. The average interest on these loans is 5.8%; the average monthly payment is $393, and the average timeline to pay off the loans is 20 years. 15% of American adults have student loan debt, of whom 82.3% are above the age of 25 (educationaldata.org). In 2016, 3% of individuals 65 to 74 were still paying off student loan debt (washingtonpost.com). The primary cause of this is skyrocketing tuition rates, which have risen 183% since 1998, 3x faster than the rate of inflation (aei.org), second only to rising hospital service costs.

So how does student loan debt affect our economy?

First, it hurts the housing market. When adults have to pay monthly payments on a student loan, they are less likely to take out a mortgage on a house and add to their monthly bill. The Fed’s survey of consumer finances notes that student loan debt kept 400,000 individuals from home ownership. This contributed to 2% of the 8.8% drop in home ownership for those 20-40 from 2005 to 2014 (washingtonpost.com). 

Student loan debt also stifles entrepreneurship. According to Prof. Karthik Krishnan of Northeastern University, individuals who graduate with $30,000 in student loans are 11% less likely to start a business (cnbc.com). This is due to of course a lack of capital because of the student loan, and because of difficulty obtaining credit to start a new business. 

The Federal Reserve has also stated that it intends to do more research on the effect of student loan debt on credit later in life, and that preliminary data suggest that “higher student loan debt early in life leads to a lower credit score later in life” (washingtonpost.com). Ability to obtain credit not only has an effect on the housing market and entrepreneurship, but on the auto industry and other industries that rely on credit to sell their products. 

All of this has led to calls by progressives such as Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D) to forgive $50,000 of student loan debt. This call sounds very appealing at first glance, and forgiving this much debt would certainly give an adrenaline rush to the economy, but I don’t think it is a good idea, and I don’t think it is a very progressive idea. 

Those with college degrees make substantially more money than those who don’t. As of 2020, high school graduates made a median salary of $38,792 a year, while college graduates with a bachelors made a median salary of $64,896 (Northeastern.edu). Student loan debt forgiveness is, in practice, a stimulus check for people with student loan debt. Student loan debt forgiveness would have an anti-robinhood effect, giving more money to those who make more money. This is also exacerbated by the fact that those with master’s and doctorate degrees make substantially more than those with a bachelor’s degree, and also have more student loan debt (educationdata.org). This is why it almost surprises me that some progressives are pushing so hard for this, as it would certainly contribute to more income inequality. And, even if we did shell out the trillions of dollars to do this, it’s still treating the symptoms rather than the problem, as college would still cost the same–and students would continue to take out loans to pay for it. 

This doesn’t mean there is nothing we can do to fix the problem. These solutions are solely my opinion, so take them with a grain of salt. The root cause of rising student debt is rising tuition rates. This is simply caused by rising demand over the past decades. The New York Fed has also reported that for every dollar of federal loan expansion and Pell Grants, tuition increases by 55-65 cents (forbes.com). This means that expanded federal loan programs and grants are essentially putting gasoline on the fire. There’s not an obvious solution or an easy fix to this problem because having high demand for college is a good thing and having federal support to pay for it is also good. In my mind, there are two options that aren’t necessarily mutually exclusive. One, mandate that public universities justify tuition increases and require justification not include non-teaching staff and substantial wage increases for that small number of administration officials at the top. Two, roll back federal grants and loan programs. I know this sounds totally backwards, since these two things are entirely for the purpose of helping more people go to college. But, if federal grants and loans drive up tuition, even for those receiving grants, then doesn’t that defeat the entire point? The rollback of these programs would of course have to be followed by regulation to ensure that predatory private loans don’t take the place of federal loans. 

This issue is very real to us seniors graduating and continuing on to college. To those who aren’t yet seniors, my advice would be to strongly consider scholarships for a college that might not be your first choice versus taking out loans for your first choice. Choosing a college is incredibly hard and also important, but name and size really aren’t as important as they always seem to be. I hate to say it, but it’s not just about what college you go to, it’s about what you do while you’re there. 

Editor-in-Chief: Roman Rickwood

Sources:

cnbc.com/2018/10/22/starting-a-business-when-you-have-student-loans-can-be-a-challenge.html 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/01/18/student-debt-has-kept-home-ownership-out-reach-young-families-fed-reports/

https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/scfindex.htm

Chart of the Day…. or Century?

https://educationdata.org/student-loan-debt-statistics

https://www.northeastern.edu/bachelors-completion/news/average-salary-by-education-level/

https://www.statista.com/statistics/274636/combined-sum-of-all-holders-of-mortgage-debt-outstanding-in-the-us/#:~:text=The%20total%20mortgage%20debt%20outstanding%20in%20the%20U.S.%20amounted%20to,the%20third%20quarter%20of%202020.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/ccap/2015/07/21/the-bennett-hypothesis-confirmed-again/?sh=8142609794ac

Filed Under: Business Tagged With: and If We Should Forgive it All

I Love Ice Cream

May 24, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

This week Blogger Elizabeth wrote about her love for ice cream. Her flavors are tempting, but you might have to go to Vegas or Singapore to indulge. (Hint: One flavor has just come available at your local Trader Joe’s.)

By Elizabeth Shay, Food & Drink Editor

Chocolate. Cookie dough. Strawberry…. These are some of the most common flavors of my favorite dessert: ice cream. These flavors are popular, and rightfully so, but there are many underrated types of ice cream as well. Here are three flavors of ice cream that I believe deserve more appreciation.

Black Raspberry Chocolate Chip

Not to be confused with blackberries, black raspberries are a special variety of the more common red raspberry that is native to North America. Black raspberries are very difficult to find, as they are only available for a few weeks during midsummer. They are similar in flavor to their red counterparts, but are described as sweeter (Healthline). 

I first had black raspberry chocolate chip ice cream at a Graeter’s Ice Cream store at Caesars Palace Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Graeter’s is a Midwestern-based ice cream chain, founded in 1870. I was drawn to the vibrant mauve color of the ice cream sitting on the other side of the cool glass case, took a chance, and fell in love. This flavor, when done right, is perfectly sweet and creamy. Graeter’s remains my favorite brand that makes black raspberry chocolate chip ice cream, although the grocery store tubs never taste quite the same as my first experience in Vegas. Graeter’s is pretty much nowhere to be found at our local grocery stores, so if you are looking to try this flavor, Talenti makes a decent alternative.

Black Sesame

Black sesame seeds are primarily produced in Asian countries. These small, flat, oily seeds are grown in the fruit pods of the Sesamum indicum plant, which has been cultivated for thousands of years (Healthline). In addition to containing more nutritional value than their white counterpart, black sesame seeds also have a stronger flavor and more crunch. The flavor profile of black sesame seeds is characterized as being earthy and nutty, with a smoky, almost peppery flavor and a hint of bitterness. These seeds are no longer being used solely as a garnish, and are being incorporated into a variety of desserts, including cakes, donuts, ice creams, and more (Los Angeles Times). 


Our local Creamistry ice cream shop in Palm Desert featured black sesame ice cream while they were still in business. This was one of my favorites out of all their offerings. I have not actively searched for this particular flavor of ice cream in grocery stores in the desert, but there are many brands that create black sesame ice cream which are available in Asian grocery stores. 

Ube

Ube is a purple yam that originates from the Philippines. It has an even sweeter, more mellow taste than its orange relative with undertones of nuttiness and vanilla. Ube is a staple in Filipino desserts and has made its way into mainstream U.S. culture over the last three years. A large factor in ube’s popularity is its vibrant purple color that lends itself well to photography–especially important in a world addicted to social media (Real Simple).


I believe that ube ice cream deserves more recognition in the United States. My love for this flavor began after first trying soft serve ube ice cream from a McDonald’s in Singapore. Ube ice cream can be widely found in Asian grocery stores. Trader Joe’s has since come out with a line of ube-flavored products, including a mochi pancake and waffle mix, and, of course, ice cream! These products are seasonal items, so be on the lookout at your local Trader Joe’s to see when they are back in stock. Wait! I just checked. They are in stock right now! Go!

Have you tried any of these flavors of ice cream? What flavor do you think is underrated? Let us know in the comments!

Editor-in-Chief: Roman Rickwood

Sources:

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/black-raspberry-vs-blackberry

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/black-raspberry-vs-raspberry#what-they-are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeter’s

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/black-sesame-seeds-benefits#_noHeaderPrefixedContent

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-01-fo-blacksesame1-story.html#:~:text=Black%20sesame%20seeds%20%2D%2D%20earthy,and%20panna%20cottas%20and%20doughnuts.

https://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/recipe-collections-favorites/popular-ingredients/what-is-ube

Filed Under: Food Tagged With: Elizabeth Shay, I Love Ice Cream

How Do We Know We Exist?

May 24, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org Leave a Comment

For this week, Blogger Sara wrote about and questioned our existence. She examines “How we know we are who we say we are.” She reminds us all to question everything and to always be skeptical. — Editor-in-Chief Roman Rickwood

By Sara Habibipour, Philosophy Editor

This may seem like a pretty obvious question. “Of course I exist,” you may think; “I breathe. I eat. I sleep. I laugh. I love.” Your senses are what help you perceive the world. After all, you’re using your sight to read this article right now. Your senses don’t deceive you…except for when they do. You’re walking downtown, and you think you see a friend, but, in fact, you don’t know the person. Or, you shoot a basketball, thinking that you have the perfect angle to make that 3-pointer, and you shoot the ball so far from the net that it’s embarrassing. 

In this moment, you know you’re reading. You know the electronic device you’re holding is real. You know the place where you’re reading is real. When you’re awake and active, you know you’re existing. But, when you aren’t, say, when you’re dreaming, you don’t know whether or not you’re existing. How can you prove you’re not dreaming? 

Can you even prove that you exist? Where would you begin? If reality doesn’t exist, then you can’t possibly exist. And, can you prove reality? Maybe all of reality, time, color, numbers, and shapes are false. Renée Descartes would go as far to ask you if you can even disprove the idea that an evil genius has tricked you into believing reality is real. This makes me ask… “Could this ‘evil genius’ be God?” 

But, you can’t be nothing if you think you’re something. Hmmm… maybe. Thinking you’re something has to count, right? Ever heard, “I think therefore I am?” Descartes would say that simply believing you exist counts. 

So, let’s say we do exist. That begs the question, “Are we minds with bodies, or bodies with minds?”

There’s a thing called the “Rubber Hand Illusion.” There was an experiment done where a dummy hand was placed in front of participants, and their real hand was hidden behind a screen. Both are simultaneously stroked with a paintbrush. Yet, when asked what hand they felt the paintbrush stroking, the participants pointed in the direction of the dummy hand. What this experiment proved was that our minds have a lot more control over our bodies than we think. 

So what does it even mean to be a body with a mind and vice versa? A body with a mind would be a physical body that only experiences thoughts and emotions as a result of biochemical interactions in the brain. A mind without a body would have some non-physical presence, a soul maybe, that could live outside of your physical body, directing your actions. 

Well, that in itself brings up the question of whether the body and the mind are separate entities. Looking back to what Descartes said, even if all of our physical sensations were just a Matrix-like hallucinatory dream, our mind and thoughts would still be there. This, for Descartes, was enough to prove our existence; the conscious mind is something separate from the material body, and the mind is what forms our identity. Initially thinking about this, that would make sense. If I was simply a physical body with no thoughts, feelings, or emotion, would I even be Sara? I don’t think so. I have a personality which makes me distinctly me. But, then that makes me ask why that even is. How am I able to have a personality? 

Well, science can help with answering that. Decades of neuroscience research suggests that our bodies and our physical senses are deeply integrated within the activity in our brains. All of the biochemical processes and reactions that occur in our brains form our consciousness. 

With all that said, I think I’m with science on this one. The Rubber Hand Illusion experiment just shows us how easily our senses can deceive us. But, just because we can’t always rely on our senses, I don’t think that means our mind is a separate entity from our body. If our mind was in total control over our body, then couldn’t that just mean that we could imagine our existence away? Perhaps our bodies and minds aren’t separate. Perhaps they together form our existence. 

Third Editor-in-Chief: Roman Rickwood

Filed Under: Philosophy Tagged With: How Do We Know We Exist?, Sara Habibipour

The Science of Super-Soldiers

May 21, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org 2 Comments

For this week, blogger Erik decided to write about superpowers and what it would look like if countries had the opportunity to genetically modify their military forces. Erik goes in depth about the pros, and mostly the cons, of global militaries being able to create “super soldiers.”– Editor-in-Chief Roman Rickwood

By Erik Bearman, Science Editor

Surprisingly, not every superpower is ludicrous. The idea of a Captain-America-type-serum-injected man turned into a weapon is actually one of the most accurate superhero-origin stories out there. The technology to achieve this exists today. In the near future, world superpowers such as China and the U.S. may have their own superpowered soldiers.

Steve Rogers Wasn't a Hero for Becoming Captain America – He Was Selfish |  HE'SHero.com
A scene from Captain America: The First Avenger

Belgian Blue bull

Myostatin is a biochemical in our DNA that inhibits muscle growth. So, it stands to reason that inhibiting this inhibitor would cause us to bulk up rapidly. We’ve already seen it with the Belgian Blue cattle. Belgian farmers have selectively bred a breed of cow with a depletion of myostatin, causing them to be born with muscles that are nearly twice as developed then normal. 

Occasionally, this also happens in children. Liam Hoekstra, a child from Grand Rapids, Michigan, was born with a mutation to the myostatin gene and “could do a pull-up… [by] 8 months old”(ABC News). I can’t even do eight pull-ups at 18 years of age. If scientists altered the human genome in order to cease myostatin production, we could have our very own army of Belgian Blue Hoekstras.

Speaking of armies, approximately five months ago, NBC News reported that China has used CRISPR to conduct biological experiments in order to engineer their own super soldiers (msnbc.com). If China makes a move towards dominating the world technologically, economically, and now, militarily, who is to say that other countries won’t fight back using their own enhanced armies?

What do you think? If you were offered a super serum, would you take it to impress your friends and partners, or to defend your country?

Third Editor-in-Chief: Roman Rickwood

Sources:

  • How to Make REAL Superhero Serum  
  • US Official Says China Attempted To Create ‘Super Soldiers’
  • Meet the Super Cow | National Geographic  

Super Strong Kids May Hold Genetic Secrets – ABC News

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Erik Bearman, The Science of Super-Soldiers

The Roaring 2020s

May 19, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

Coming out of quarantine, we see the streets filled with people and hints that life is returning back to normal. What does this mean for the economy? Let’s ask Business Editor Jake Sonderman! — Editor-in-Chief Sara Habibipour 

By Jake Sonderman, Business Editor

We are entering a new decade as the American people. We are just starting to come out of a deadly pandemic that has killed hundreds of thousands. We have been involved in military conflict around the globe in the previous decade but seem to be moving more towards isolationism with some calling for “America First.” But, on the bright side, consumer demand seems to be rising at a brisk pace and isn’t showing signs of slowing down. Only, the year isn’t 2021; it’s 1921!

Warren G. Harding campaign poster - Warren G. Harding Collection -
President Warren G. Harding, 1921-23

The 1920s are a well known period of economic growth and consumerism. They saw the introduction of technologies like the radio, combustion engine, and refrigerator. America had just come out of the Spanish flu, which killed 675,000 Americans (there were 100 million Americans at the time) (biospace.com). The decade was also a period of isolationism and tariffs. Presidents and Representatives campaigned on the idea of “America First.” Congress enacted the Fordney-McCumber Act, which raised tariffs to 40% pretty much across the board (britannica.com). The Hawley-Smoot tariff was enacted just as the Great Depression hit, raising tariffs by another 20%, making a bad problem worse (Britannica). By today’s standards, this would be considered a “trade war” with Europe. 

Some of this might sound familiar. We are again exiting out of a world-wide pandemic that has killed hundreds of thousands in America. Markets are reaching record highs monthly and consumer demand for things like cars and houses is through the roof. Under Trump, we entered a trade war with China, raising tariffs to nearly 20% for $350 billion in goods (cnn.com). That’s not quite the same as the 1920s tariffs, but we are certainly moving in that direction as Biden does not seem to oppose the tariffs (cnn.com). 

But, what about consumerism in the next decade? Will we truly, again, enter into a new Roaring 20s?? Well, short-term, it would seem like “Yes.” Median predicted GDP growth for the year is 4.7% (Bloomberg). We are seeing innovations in electric vehicles, renewable energy, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and more. But, long-term economic growth rivaling that of the 1920s is not likely. Breakthroughs in information technology and biotech simply do not rival the innovation of the combustion engine and widespread electricity (Bloomberg). Robert Gordon, economics professor at Northwestern University, is a proponent of the idea that “there is no chance of sustained decade-long growth that matches the achievement of the 1920s” (Bloomberg). Though we are still the world’s largest economy, we do not have near the production capacity of the 1920s and no tariff or government spending can bring us back. 

But, that’s okay! We are not the same economy. We probably won’t see the same decade-long boom the 1920s did, but steady, healthy growth is certainly achievable. So, in short, no, we are not entering the “Roaring 2020s.” But, personally, I think with the innovation happening because of COVID (check out Blogger Erik Bearman’s article for more about that) and confidence from investors in the American economy, we can see a decade of economic prosperity. 

Second Editor-in-Chief: Sara Habibipour

Sources:

https://www.biospace.com/article/compare-1918-spanish-influenza-pandemic-versus-covid-19/#:~:text=More%20than%2050%20million%20people,is%20calculated%20at%20about%202%25.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-01-26/roaring-twenties-2020s-will-try-to-roar-like-1920s-after-covid

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Smoot-Hawley-Tariff-Act

https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/politics/china-tariffs-biden-policy/index.html

Filed Under: Business Tagged With: The Roaring 2020s

Quintus’s Shanghai

May 17, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

Perhaps you’ve missed out on your world travels due to COVID. But, don’t fret. Quintus is here to give you a tour of beautiful Shanghai.—Second Editor-in-Chief Sara Habibipour

By Quintus Ni, Shanghai Editor

Looking at Shanghai from a commanding height, the alleys in Shanghai are spectacular.

When it’s dark and the lights are on, these points and lines are bright. Behind the light, large areas of darkness are the alleys in Shanghai, the darkness seems to be almost rough, almost pushing the light away.

The brilliance of Oriental Paris is based on the darkness.

As the morning light comes on, the light goes out. First, there is a thin fog; light is a straight light, drawn out, like fine brushwork. The first to jump out is the skylight on the roof of the old alley. They have a delicate and clever appearance in the morning fog. The wooden frame of the window is carved carefully. The tiles on the house are of fine workmanship. The rose in the flowerpot on the windowsill is carefully cultivated. Then, the sun comes out, revealing the rusty red bricks, which seem to be in a painting. Every painting is clear. Then cracks appear on the gable, and there is a little green moss. The first ray of sunshine is on the gable. It’s a beautiful picture, almost gorgeous and desolate; it’s fresh and old.

The lanes in Shanghai are varied in shape and sound. Sometimes they are like that; sometimes they are like this; they can’t agree. In fact, they are constantly changing and changing. In the end, there are thousands of people, thousands of faces, and one mind.

The houses on the alleys look like row upon row, crowded and crowded. The lights are like peas. Though weak, they are dense and like a pot of porridge. They are also like a big river with numerous tributaries, and like a big tree with countless branches. They are crisscrossed and crisscrossed, which is a big net. On the surface, they are exposed, but, in fact, they are mysterious and have a tortuous heart.

At dusk, pigeons hover in the air of Shanghai, looking for their nests. The ridge of the roof is continuous and undulating, and it looks like a peak from the horizontal to the vertical. Standing on the commanding height, they are all connected, boundless, and some of the southeast and northwest are indistinguishable. The roof ridges flow like water.

There are whispers on the sun terrace, balcony and window side. It’s better to stand at a high point and find a good angle: the clothes on the bamboo poles in the lane are full of personal feelings. The Impatiens, gem flowers, and green garlic cascade from flowerpots. The gully-like bottoming is made of cement or stone.

The feeling of Shanghai Lane comes from the most daily of scenes, which is not stirred by clouds and water, but accumulated bit by bit. There are some unexpected and reasonable things flowing in the lanes. Things are not big things, but they are trivial. Sand gathering can also make a tower. It has nothing to do with such concepts as history. Even unofficial history is hard to be called. It can only be called rumor. Rumor is another view of Shanghai Lane. It is almost visible, and it is also revealed from the back window and back door. What the front door and front balcony reveal is a little more serious, but it is also a rumor. These rumors are close to the skin and flesh, not as cold and rigid as the old paper pile. Although there are many fallacies, they are also perceptible fallacies. When the street lights of this city are brilliant, there is usually only one light on the corner in the lane, with the most common iron cover. The cover is rusty and covered with dust. The light is dim and yellow, and there are some smoky things breeding and spreading below. The pigeons mumble in the cage, as if they are also whispering. The light on the street is right, but it is eaten by the dark just as it is about to flow into Nongkou.

In the end, the sun is spurting from the roof, which is a spectacular collection of the countless pieces of Shanghai.

Edited by Sara Habibipour

Filed Under: Uncategorized

DIY: How to Grow Your Own Human

May 17, 2021 by szachik@pvs.org 1 Comment

For this week’s dose of science news, Blogger Erik decided to discuss artificial wombs and what that may mean for the future. 

By Erik Bearman, Science Editor

In a galaxy far, far away, on the ocean world of Kamino, the Kaminoan scientists grew clones using artificial wombs in their laboratories. This may seem like a crazy sci-fi trope, but artificial wombs actually aren’t so crazy. In fact, scientists have already had success in the past.

In 1990, Japanese scientists removed a lamb fetus from its mother and grew it inside a container filled with amniotic fluid for 17 days until it was successfully delivered.

Later, in 2017, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia placed another lamb fetus inside an experimental artificial womb and allowed it to develop until it opened its eyes! Researchers now claim that “Human trials may be possible in a few years” (bbc.com).

Earlier this year, Israeli scientists successfully grew mouse embryos in a mechanical womb (www.technologyreview.com). One day, in the near future, humans could be grown in similar wombs.

mouse embryo ex utero

What Artificial Wombs May Look Like . . . 

Imagine a machine consisting of three parts:

  1. The growth chamber, which replicates the optimal conditions inside a mother’s womb.
  2. The blood container, which supplies the fetus with oxygen-rich blood.
  3. The sensors, which uses an A.I. to scan and monitor the fetus’s health.

This version of the artificial womb is one of the most practical designs as it is simple yet effective. It can also display updates on the fetus’s health in real-time.

Another version of the artificial womb is a giant, red ball that also simulates the natural environment of the organic womb. Tubes are connected to the ball that deliver blood, oxygen, and necessary medication. The womb is not see-through, as the lack of stimulation in darkness is more beneficial to the fetus.

The world's first artificial womb for humans - BBC News

Why Artificial Wombs Can Be Beneficial

According to bbc.com, “Premature birth, before 37 weeks, is globally the biggest cause of death among newborns.” Incubators can help some newborns develop, but they don’t work for all cases. An artificial womb, however, would work in most. Doctors could place the baby in an environment that allows it to continue developing until it is ready for a safe, healthy birth.

Another way artificial wombs can benefit us is by allowing humans to explore the cosmos more effectively. In Interstellar, the scientists in the movie were planning on sending fertilized eggs to a viable planet in order to grow and continue the human race. While it’s certainly a great back-up plan if humans and this planet go extinct, it is also a great way to spread to other planets and start colonizing early, setting up bases where the next generation could develop and build a society for themselves.

Who knows? Perhaps my children will be grown in one of these chambers? Perhaps yours will, too?

Second Editor-in-Chief: Sara Habibipour

Sources:

  • https://www.bbc.com/news/health-39693851 
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/av/health-50056405 
  • https://youtu.be/ai8X3Tc-jN8 
  • https://youtu.be/gwPvSNA_nIg 

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: DIY: How to Grow Your Own Human, Erik Bearman

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We are the Palm Valley Firebirds of Rancho Mirage, California. Join us in our endeavors. Venture through the school year with us, perusing the artwork of our students, community, and staff. Our goal is to share the poems, stories, drawings and photographs, essays and parodies that come out of our school. Welcome aboard!